Proptosis can describe any organ that is displaced forward, while exophthalmos refers to only the eyes. Proptosis can include any directional forward displacement.

What is considered proptosis?

Proptosis, also known as exophthalmos, is a clinical exam finding in a wide variety of ocular conditions. Generally, a 2 mm or greater asymmetry between the protrusion of a patient’s eyes is considered abnormal. Recognizing the various causes of proptosis is critical as many can be vision threatening (Table 1).

What is another name for exophthalmos?

Exophthalmos, also known as proptosis, is the medical term for bulging or protruding eyeballs. It can affect 1 or both eyes and is most often caused by thyroid eye disease.

What is the difference between exophthalmos and Buphthalmos?

In exophthalmos the eye is pushed forward, and therefore excessive conjunctiva is visible. In buphthalmos, the eye is stretched but remains in its normal position inside the orbit. Therefore, excess conjunctiva is usually not visible.

How do you identify exophthalmos?

1. pain in the eyes.
2. dry eyes.
3. eye irritation.
4. photophobia, or sensitivity to light.
5. lacrimation, or eye secretions, and shedding of tears.
6. diplopia, or double vision caused by weakening of the eye muscles.
7. blurred vision.
8. blindness if the optic nerve is compressed.

Does retinoblastoma cause proptosis?

(2005) reported proptosis to be the most common presenting feature of retinoblastoma. Orbital retinoblastoma is one of the major contributors to mortality and carries a poor prognosis for life. (Stannard et al., 1979; Hungerford, 1993; Finger et al., 2002; Abramson et al., 2003; Schvartzman et al., 1996).

What causes exophthalmos?

In adults, the most common cause of unilateral and bilateral exophthalmos is thyroid-associated eye disease, such as Graves-related ophthalmopathy. In children, orbital cellulitis is the most common cause, whereas bilateral exophthalmos is most likely due to neuroblastoma and leukemia.

How is proptosis measured in CT scan?

Proptosis measurement by CT scan Measurement of proptosis was performed on the CT image by drawing a horizontal line between the lateral orbital rims on an axial plane that bisects the lens and then drawing a perpendicular line forward to the posterior surface of the cornea18.

How is proptosis diagnosed?

1. A blood test to make sure the thyroid gland is functioning properly.
2. Examination with an exophthalmometer, to measure the degree of protrusion.
3. Imaging scans to examine the eye socket and orbit.
4. An MRI or CT scan of the brain to assess its structure.

What is axial proptosis?

Axial proptosis is seen in tumours arising within the muscle cone like optic nerve glioma. The eyeball is displaced down and/or lateral in diseases of frontal or ethmoid sinuses. Lacrimal gland or temporal fossa tumours have a medial displacement [8].

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What is the ICD 10 code for proptosis?

The ICD code H052 is used to code Exophthalmos Exophthalmos (also called exophthalmus, exophthalmia, proptosis, or exorbitism) is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit.

Whats bug eyes mean?

Definition of bug-eyed : having the eyes bulging (as with fright)

What is dog proptosis?

Proptosis is a sudden, anterior displacement of the globe, with entrapment of the eyelids behind the equator of the globe; it requires surgical replacement or globe removal depending on the extent of damage to the eye and its surrounding structures. Proptosis, dog. Courtesy of Dr. K. Gelatt.

What produces conjunctiva?

The conjunctiva helps lubricate the eye by producing mucus and tears, although a smaller volume of tears than the lacrimal gland. It also contributes to immune surveillance and helps to prevent the entrance of microbes into the eye.

What is unilateral proptosis?

Proptosis, a common sign with a broad differential diagnosis, is defined as anterior displacement and protrusion of one or both orbital globes. Patients can present with varying degrees of chronicity, visual loss and associated symptoms.

How is radiology proptosis measured?

Radiographic features The reference line for measurement of proptosis is the interzygomatic line (a line is drawn at the anterior portions of the zygomatic bones): the upper limit of normal distance from this line to the anterior surface of the globe is 23 mm, above which indicates proptosis.

What is the transparent part of the eye?

Cornea: the transparent circular part of the front of the eyeball. It refracts the light entering the eye onto the lens, which then focuses it onto the retina.

What causes grave disease?

Graves’ disease is caused by a malfunction in the body’s disease-fighting immune system. It’s unknown why this happens. The immune system normally produces antibodies designed to target a specific virus, bacterium or other foreign substance.

What do bulging eyes mean?

A bulging eye or eyes is usually caused by thyroid issues, such as Graves’ disease or hyperthyroidism. Symptoms include a gritty sensation with eye movement, eyelid swelling and redness and dry, irritated or watering eyes.

What causes Leukocoria?

Leukocoria can be caused by abnormalities in the lens (eg, cataract), vitreous (eg, hemorrhage), or retina (eg, retinoblastoma) (table 1) [1,2]. It can be the initial manifestation of a wide spectrum of intraocular and systemic disease processes [3-7].

What is the most common cause of Leukocoria?

The cause which is rare in other country may be more common in our country. Common causes of Leukocoria in children upto 10 years of age are Congenital Cataract, Retinoblastoma, Persistent fetal vasculature, Coats disease, Retinal detachment.

What is eccentric proptosis?

25. PROPTOSIS: A) AXIAL B) ECCENTRIC  Axial proptosis: lesions of intraconal space arising from optic nerve or central space. E.g -optic nerve glioma -optic nerve sheath meningioma -cavernous hemangioma -schwannoma -neurofibroma -orbital varix,hydatid cyst etc.

How do you use Hertels?

The Hertel exophthalmometer is used to determine the axial position of the eyes. The instrument is placed on the lateral orbital rim of each side, using as small of a base as possible. Depending on the device, lines on the prism are placed into position by moving the examiners view point to determine the measurement.

What is orbital pseudotumor?

Orbital pseudotumor is the swelling of tissue behind the eye in an area called the orbit. The orbit is the hollow space in the skull where the eye sits. The orbit protects the eyeball and the muscles and tissue that surround it.

What is the instrument to measure the severity of exophthalmos?

An exophthalmometer is an instrument used for measuring the degree of forward displacement of the eye in exophthalmos. The device allows measurement of the forward distance of the lateral orbital rim to the front of the cornea.

What are the types of Proptosis?

Key Points. Acute unilateral proptosis suggests infection or vascular disorder (eg, hemorrhage, fistula, cavernous sinus thrombosis). Chronic unilateral proptosis suggests tumor. Do CT or MRI and thyroid function testing when Graves disease is suspected.

What is pulsatile Exophthalmos?

Pulsatile exophthalmos, a.k.a. pulsatile proptosis, is a clinical symptom characterized by protrusion – i.e. exophthalmos (proptosis) – and pulsation of the eyeball that can occur due to various causes: caroticocavernous fistulas. neurofibromatosis type 1 (with sphenoid wing dysplasia) 2. arteriovenous malformation.

Why does Propbosis cause neuroblastoma?

The three major eye signs of neuroblastoma, proptosis, Horner’s syndrome and opsoclonus, are closely related to the site, stage of tumor, and outcome of the patient. Proptosis or periorbital ecchymosis due to orbital metastases was present in 60 of 80 children (bilaterally in 33).

What is the ICD-10 code for exophthalmos?

H05. 20 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes.

What is E05 00?

E05. 00 – Thyrotoxicosis with diffuse goiter without thyrotoxic crisis or storm. ICD-10-CM.

What is bilateral Proptosis?

Proptosis, or exophthalmos, is the medical term for a protruding eyeball. It’s referred to as bilateral proptosis if it affects both your eyes or unilateral proptosis if it only affects one eye. A wide range of medical conditions can cause proptosis, but it’s most commonly caused by thyroid eye disease (TED).